上

うえ
above
over
on top of
up
upper part
summit
surface
far better
higher
(in) authority
as far as ... is concerned
besides
after
emperor
sovereign
upon (examination)
influence of (liquor)
lord
shogun
superior
my dear (father)
うわ
upper
upward
outer
surface
top
かみ
top
head
upper part
upper stream
emperor
a superior
upper part of the body
the above
しょう
upper part
government
じょう
governmental
imperial
top
best
high class
going up
presenting
showing
aboard a ship or vehicle
from the standpoint of
as a matter of (fact)
first volume

* * *

I

うえ【上】

①［高い所］

**top

〖C〗［通例 the ～］(山などの)上， 頂上; (ページなどの)上， 上部

the top of the ladder はしごの一番上

the top of the tree 木の上， こずえ

climb to the top of the mountain 山の上(頂上)まで登る

Write your name on the top of paper. 書類の一番上に名前を書きなさい.

②［表面］

**top

〖C〗［the ～］(テーブルなどの)上， 表面

There are scratches on the top of my desk. 私の机の上にはひっかいた傷がある

*surface

/sə́ːrfəs/ 〖C〗(物体の)表面

Much of the earth's surface is covered with ［by］ water. 地球の上はほとんど水で覆われている.

◇ → 上の

◇～に［へ， で， を］

①［高い所］

*upward， 《主に英》-wards

〖副〗上へ

look upward 上に目を向ける， 上の方を見る.

**up

〖副〗 1 ［動作動詞＋up］(低い位置・水中などから)上へ

look up 上を見る， 上に目を向ける

The bird flew up. 小鳥は上へ飛んで行った.

2 ［状態動詞＋up］上に， 上方へ

lie face up 顔を上に向けて寝る.

〖前〗…の上に

live up the hill 小高い丘の上に住んでいる.

**upstairs

〖副〗上に， 階上に

go upstairs (to the bedroom) 上へ行く， 寝室へ行く《◆英米では寝室は通例2階にあるので， go upstairs のみで時に go to bed と同じ意味になる》.

on the top of O

…の上に《◆ on の強調形》

put・the ski on (the) top of the car 車の上にスキーをのせる.

**above

〖前〗(表面から離れて)…の上に

fly high above the clouds 雲のはるか上を飛ぶ

The sun rises above the houses. 太陽は家並の上に出る

The clock is above the fireplace. 暖炉の上に柱時計がある.

**over

〖前〗 1 ［空間位置］…の上に

A lamp was hanging over ［above］ the table. ランプがテーブルの上にかかっていた《◆ over と above の違いについては ◇<TMP>上</TMP>の ① above の注を参照》

The plane flew over ［above］ our house. 飛行機が家の上を飛んで行った

The water was soon over ［above］ my knee. 水はすぐにひざの上まで来た

The balcony juts out over the street. バルコニーは通りの上に突き出ていた.

2 ［接触位置］ …を覆って

She wore a coat over her sweater. 彼女はセーターの上にコートを着ていた.

〖副〗上方に， 上に

A plane flew over. 飛行機が頭の上を飛んで行った.

②［表面］

**on

〖副〗(表面に接して)(…の)上に

He jumped on to ［《米》onto］ the stage. 彼は舞台の上に跳び上がった《◆ jumped on the stage は「舞台の上で跳び上がった」の意にもなる》 8

③［地位］

*upward

〖副〗(地位・階級などが)上へ

struggle one's way upward from poverty 苦労して貧困から上へはい上がる.

**over

〖前〗(地位などが)…より上で

She is over ［above］ me in the office. 彼女は会社では私の上にいる［上役だ］.

¶ → 人の上に立つ

④［程度］

**above

〖前〗(数・量・程度の点で)…より上で

above average in weight 体重が平均より上で

rank above O …より上に位置する.

¶ → 上には上がある

⑤［…に関して］

¶ → 酒の上で

¶酒の～でのけんか

a drunken brawl.

⑥［…に加えて］

⇒ その上

⑦［…のあとで］

〔…してから， …したのち〕

**after

〖前〗［結果］…のあとで

after careful ［due］ consideration よく考えた上で

II

―じょう【―上】

¶ → 実際上は

¶ → 理論上

¶ → 法律上

¶便宜～英語を話す

speak English for (the sake of) convenience ［for convenience(') sake］

¶健康～有害なもの

a hazard to health; a health hazard.

III

じょう【上】

〔最上， 上等， 上位〕

¶ → 中の上

* * *

I

うえ【上】

1 〔上部〕 the upper [top] side; the upper [top] part; 〔表面〕 the surface.

●上から見る look down at…; look at sth from above; overlook; 〔飛行機などから〕 take a bird's-eye view of….

●高い木の上でタカが獲物を求めて目を光らせていた. At the top of a tall tree a hawk watched for its prey.

●上に 〔上方に〕 above…; over…; up…; upward(s)

・木の上に up a tree; in a tree

・日は松林の上に上っていた. The sun was up above [over] the pine trees.

・上に述べた理由によって for the above(-stated) reason; for the reason (given) above

・上に述べたように as we have said above; as was mentioned above [earlier]

・その点はこの円の上にある. 【数】 The point lies on this circle.

・辺 AB はこの直線の上にある. 【数】 The side AB lies along this line.

・直線 l はその平面の上にある. 【数】 The line l lies in the plane.

●上の 〔上部･上方の〕 upper; top

・ガレージの上の部屋 the room over [above, on top of] the garage

・机の上の本 a book on a desk

・入口の上の看板 a signboard over the door

・上のほうを見る look upward(s); cast an upward glance.

●水は腰の上まで来た. The water came [rose] (up) above [beyond] my waist.

●上を下への大混乱[大騒ぎ] utter confusion [panic]; (a situation of) confusion [panic] where everything is (turned) upside down [on end]

・チョウが子供の頭の上を飛んでいる. A butterfly is flying over the child's head.

・鳥の群れが頭の上を飛んでいった. A flock of birds flew overhead.

・教会の建物の右上を気球が飛んでいる. A hot-air balloon is flying above the church, (off) to the right.

●この階の上は法律事務所になっている. The floor above this one is a lawyer's office.

2 〔頂上; ものの上部〕 the top 《of a hill》; the summit 《of a mountain》; the head 《of a staircase》; 〔上の階〕 an upper floor; the floor above; the top floor.

●その家は 6 間(_ま)で, 下が 4 間, 上が 2 間だ. The house has six rooms [There are six rooms in the house]―two (rooms) up and four down.

●上から3 行目 the third line [line three] from the top

・上から下まで from top to bottom; from tip to toe; from head to foot

・数学はクラスで上から 3 番目の成績だった. She was [came] third (from the top) in her class in math.

・彼はクラスの上から 3 分の 1 以内の成績で卒業したいと思っていた. He hoped to graduate in the top third of his class.

●…の上に on…; on [at] the top of…

・水の上に浮かび出る come to the top of the water

・あの小山の上に家がある. At the top of that hill there is a house. | A house stands at the top of that hill.

・その二世帯住宅の下には両親が住み, 上には息子夫婦が住んでいる. In the two-household residence, the parents live downstairs [below], while the son and his wife live upstairs [above].

・上に「に」のつく野菜の名を思い出してごらん. Think of a vegetable that begins with (the syllable) “ni.”

●いちばん上のたな[層, くぎ] the top shelf [layer, peg]

・ページの右上のすみ the top right-hand corner of a page

・机の左上の引き出し the upper left drawer of a desk

・上のあいた壺 an open-topped jar; a jar with an open top

・上の窓をあけると悪い空気が出ていく. If you open the window at the top [upper window], it will let out the bad air.

3 〔比較〕

●はるかに上である be much [far] better; be far ahead [in the lead, in advance]

・経営者としての実力は次男のほうがはるかに上だ. Our second son is a much better manager [far better at business].

・今のパソコンは初期のものに比べると, 値段は安く性能ははるかに上だ. Compared with the early models, personal computers now are much cheaper, and far more efficient.

●上には上があるものだ. There is always something higher than the top. | Something will be better than “better.” | Greatness is comparative.

●上の 〔高い〕 higher 《than…》; 〔…以上の〕 more than…; above…; over…; beyond…; 〔すぐれた〕 superior 《to…》; 〔年上の〕 older 《than…》

・5 つから上の子供 children of five and up [upward]

・上の学校へ行く move up to the next school

・上の子は春から中学生です. Our oldest child will be in junior high school from the spring.

・わが家の上の子はみな男の子です. All the older children in our family are boys.

・火災が起きたホテルでは, 上の方の階に取り残された人たちが手を振っていた. At the hotel where fire broke out, people stranded on the upper floors [top floor] were waving their arms.

●彼は私の一枚上を行った. He went me one better. | He one-upped me.

・彼女は彼の上を行って指定図書をもう全部読み終わった. She has got the better of him by reading all the set books.

・上を見れば切りがない. Don't compare yourself with those above you.

●彼は私より 3 つ年が上です. He is three years older than me. | He is older than me [I (am)] by three years.

・この子は 9 より上は勘定できない. This child cannot count beyond [further than] nine. | This child can only count up to nine. | This child can't count from ten.

4 〔身分･地位など〕

●1 学年上である be a year [grade] ahead 《of one》.

●上からの命令 an order from above

・彼女は上からの指示を待たずに新しい仕事に手をつけた. She started some new work without waiting for instructions from above.

●人の上に立つ stand in authority; lead [be a leader of] others

・私は人の上に立つ柄ではない. I am not the sort of person to lead people. | I am not the type to have authority over others.

・あんな無能な男が上に立っていてはこの会社も長くはない. With such an incapable man at the top, this company won't last long.

・皇族を上にいただく慈善団体 a charity organization headed by a member of the Imperial family

・上にも下にも with [toward] people both above and below one (in rank); with [toward] people of any social status; with [toward] all and sundry

・上にも下にも人気がある be popular with all and sundry

・上にも下にも陰ひなたなく接する be impartial to people both above and below one in rank.

●上の人 one's superior; a person (in authority) above one; 〔上司〕 《口》 a higher-up

・上の地位 a high(er) position

・上のクラス an advanced [upper] class.

●彼は私よりも位が上です. He is above me in rank.

5 〔…に関しては〕 so [as] far as…is [are] concerned; as far as…go(es). [＝-じょう¹]

●計算の上では間違いはない. As far as the calculation is concerned, there are no mistakes.

6 〔さらにまた〕

●才能がある上勤勉であるという珍しい例 a rare example of hard work on top of ability; an unusual case of industriousness [diligence] over and above talent.

●…した上に, …である上に besides…; in addition to…; over and above…; moreover; furthermore; what's more; 〔おまけに〕 on top of…; as well as…; into the bargain

・その老婦人は強壮な上に頭がいい. Besides being in good [robust] health, the old woman has a sharp mind.

・殴られた上に金まで取られた. On top of being attacked, I (even) had my money stolen. | Not only was I punched, I was also robbed of my money.

・彼は実業家である上に音楽家でもあった. He was a businessman, and a musician on top of that [as well].

・道に迷った上に雨にまで降られた. We lost our way, and on top of that [to top that, to make matters worse, what was worse, worse still] we got caught in the rain.

・彼の家は広い上に都心にも近い. His house is big, and on top of that [what's more] it's near the city center.

●彼はブドウ園を案内してくれた上どっさりブドウを私にくれた. He showed me round the vineyard, and on top of that he gave me a lot of grapes. | He not only took me round the vineyard, but (also) gave me a lot of grapes.

・もうこの上申し上げることは何もありません. I have nothing more to say. | I have nothing to add to what I have already said.

・事業がうまく行かない上奥さんにも逃げられては彼も立つ瀬がない. With his business failing, and his wife leaving him into the bargain, he's in a terrible fix.

7 〔…の後〕 after…; 〔…の結果〕 on…; upon…; 〔…した時〕 when….

●熟考の上 after careful consideration; on second thought(s)

・電話連絡の上 after telephoning; after getting in touch by telephone

・書類選考の上 after screening candidates' documents; after consideration of candidates' written applications.

●酒の上で under the influence of alcohol [《米》 liquor]

・あの話は酒の上での与太話にすぎない. What I said was just [no more than] drunken nonsense.

●こうなった上は since things have come to this

・かくなる上は matters having reached such a pass.

8 〔主人･貴人〕 the Emperor; the sovereign.

●紫の上 〔『源氏物語』の登場人物〕 Lady Murasaki

・父[母]上 Father [Mother]; my dear father [mother]; papa [mama]

・兄[姉]上 my dear brother [sister].

●上様 the Lord; the shogun. [⇒うえさま]

II

かみ【上】

1 〔始まりの部分〕 the part where sth begins; 〔川の上流〕 the upper reaches of a river; 〔和歌の前半 3 句〕 the first three lines of a waka.

●上二桁の数字 the first two digits (in a many-digit number)

・上は弥生時代から下(_しも)は現代まで from the Yayoi period down to modern times.

●この川の 300 メートルほど上に橋がある. There is a bridge some three hundred meters upstream.

2 〔上方の場所〕 the top 《of…》; (上席) an upper place; a VIP seat; 〔上の身分〕 a high [higher] rank [social standing, status]; 〔主上(_{しゅじょう})〕 the emperor; 〔君主〕 the sovereign; 〔政府〕 the government; the authorities. [⇒おかみ²]

●上は皇帝から下(_しも)は一般市民に至るまで from the emperor down to the ordinary citizens.

●人の上に立つ be in a position of authority over others; stand above others; lead others.

●上の好むところ下(_しも)これにならう. What the upper classes fancy the lower at once imitate.

III

じょう【上】

1 〔主上〕 His Majesty.

2 〔部分〕 upper.

●上部 ⇒じょうぶ¹.

3 〔等級〕 the first (class, grade); the best; the superior.

●上の first; best; superior; excellent

・上の上 the very best; extra fine; superfine

・この品は上の部(類)です. This (article) is one of the best.

・彼の学校の成績は上の部です. His schoolwork is [school grades are] rather good.

4 〔上の巻〕 the first book [volume]; Book [Volume] One.

5 〔進物の包み紙に書く文字〕 With my compliments.

IV

-じょう【-上】

〔…の点から見て〕 from the viewpoint [standpoint] of 《morality》; viewed in the light of 《discipline》; as a matter of 《fact》; 〔…に関しては〕 so [as] far as…is [are] concerned; as far as…go(es).

●教育上 from an educational point of view

・商売上 from the point of view of business [commerce]; commercially; businesswise

・都合上 in view of circumstances; for the sake of convenience

・便宜上 for convenience' sake

・行きがかり上 by force of circumstances

・行きがかり上いくらか寄付せざるをえない. By force of circumstances I have (no choice but) to donate something.

●理論上ではこうなるはずだ. Theoretically, it should be like this.

・計算上はつじつまが合っている. As far as calculations go [are concerned], at least, the figures add up [come out right, balance out].